Purpose Liquid organic fertilizers produced from agricultural residues and industrial wastes are becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to examine the effect of Liquid organic fertilizers produced from waste molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves on the growth of Green Cos Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia). Methods Six formulas of Liquid organic fertilizers were produced with different ratios of substrates (molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves). The measurements of chemical, microbiological and germination index of fertilizers were studied. Hydroponic using nutrient film technique system was used to grow vegetables with fertilizers. Results fertilizers showed the ranges of chemical parameters as follows: pH 4. 5– 7. 8, EC 25– 33 dS/m, total N 0. 14– 0. 33%, total P2O5 0. 002– 0. 017%, total K2O 0. 81– 11. 8%, OM 0. 26– 3. 25%, OC 0. 26– 3. 20% and C: N ratio 6. 14– 17. 92. Microbiological analysis indicated total microorganism of 9. 99– 9. 05 logCFU/ml. Nitrogen fixers, phosphate and potassium solubilizing agents were found in all formulas. IAA concentration was 1. 13– 59. 53 mg/l. The fertilizers produced after 30 days of fermentation and used at a dilution of 1: 100 gave more than 100% germination index showing non-phytotoxicity characteristics. The results for the hydroponic system showed that Liquid fertilizer formula 3 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves: filtrate water 1: 0. 1: 0. 25 v: w: v) and formula 5 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves 1: 0. 25: 0. 25 v: w: v) demonstrated the best growth performance, which was similar to plants treated with Liquid chemical fertilizer. Conclusion This study showed that organic Liquid fertilizers formulas 3 and 5 had similar growth promotion properties as chemical fertilizers with Green Cos Lettuce. Moreover, our products are organic and serve as a rich nutrient source for the plant.

This research designed, constructed and evaluated a map-based variable rate application system for Liquid nitrogen fertilizer. Solenoid valves were used to change nozzle flow using pulse-wide modulation technology. A turbine flow sensor and GPS module were used to measure solenoid valve flow and online system coordination, respectively. The graphical user interface software was designed by Visual Basic 6.This program received online coordination from a GPS module, received fertilizer map data, compared online and map coordinates, specified application order, received sensor output and compared it with optimum data and then applied proportional closed-loop control. To evaluate the system, accuracy and time-delay experiments were carried out with 3 replications. The results showed that the average difference between map data and system flow for open and close-loop controllers were 10.0 and 3.6%, respectively.The maximum time delay was 0.54 s. Results also showed that, at 1% probability, no significant difference was observed between the system flow and nitrogen fertilizer map data.

Background and purpose: Currently, various methods are employed for sewage sludge disposal, such as drying, burning, and land application. However, each of these methods possesses inherent vulnerabilities. Sewage sludge management is challenging not only due to its high production levels but also because of the elevated concentra tions of heavy metals and pathogens it contains. Extensive research has demonstrated that converting sewage slu dge into organic fertilizers, including Liquid fertilizer, offers numerous advantages. These advantages i nclude reduced heavy metal content, compatibility with irrigation systems, enhanced plant absorption rates, and increased growth efficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the pro perties of sewage sludge and the Liquid fertilizer derived from it. Materials and Methods: In this study, biological sludge was p rocessed into Liquid fertilizer using a 0. 25 molar solution. The biological sludge and Liquid fertilizer were characterized by conducting tests to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Cu), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble potassium, tot al sodium concentration, electrical conductivity, and pH. Results: The results indicated that the total nitrogen and soluble potassium concentrations decreased as the extraction of organic matter from the sludge increased. Conversely, the phosphorus content, total sodium concentration, el ectrical conductivity, and pH exhibited an upward trend. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that Liquid fertilizer derived from sewage sludge possesses favorable characteristics, making it suitable for use as a soil modifier in the agricultural sector.

In this preliminary investigation, the production of Liquid fertilizer from rock phosphate and dolomite in Nigeria using the nitrophosphate is evaluated. Rock phosphate was obtained from Sokoto state, Nigeria. Dolomite was obtained from Edo state, Nigeria. This work contains a detailed description of the procedure and the associated chemical reactions. There are also important explanations of some physical observations and their possible implications in a large scale process. The time frame for each batch should not exceed 1 h considering the reaction rates and the temperatures are likely not to exceed 80oC at any point in the process. It was observed that the potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen content of both fertilizers are similar but the calcium content of the product from dolomite was higher than the other products. Furthermore, possible process design modifications based on these physical observations are proposed in line with product quality, safety, cost and other considerations. The process was ultimately successful and recommendations were made based on several aspects of the process.

Background & Objective: The papanicolaou (pap) smear has been used to screen women for cervical cancer since 1940. Unsatisfactory results induce anxiety in patients and doctors. Recently, a number of new technologies have been developed to improve the detection of cervical cancer. Increase the early detection of meaningful pap smear abnormalities, reduce the number of unsatisfactory smears and false negative results and provide fewer ambiguous results one of these method is the new test, include Liquid-based to improve the quality and quantity of the cervical pap smear. The aim of this study is to evaluate rate of unsatisfactory smear of cervical cytology in two methods, conventional pap smear (CP) and Liquid-Based (L.B).Materials & Methods: A comparison cross – sectional study was performed from 2004-2005 on 1500 patients referred to the Ghaem hospital and private clinic. From all patients cervical cytology was taken randomly via two methods CP and L.B. Subsequently frequency unsatisfactory cervical cytology in tow methods evaluated. Statistical analysis using the SPSS soft ware was done and t-test and c2 used for comparative evaluation.Results: Considering the incidence of unsatisfactory cervical cytology in CP method %0.3 was and in LB method %1 was. Sensitivity of the C.P method was 68.8% and that of the L.B method was 83.1%.Conclusion: In this study incidence unsatisfactory rate in L.B method was higher than C.P method.

Purpose Urban organic solid waste (UOSW) has great potential to be transformed into solid and Liquid organic fertilizers, thus avoiding its accumulation in landfills and reducing the environmental impact caused by the generation of gases and leachates. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the management of the UOSW in the municipality of Paipa as raw material for obtaining solid organic fertilizer through composting and a Liquid fertilizer through fermentation. Method The UOSW of Paipa was combined with inorganic salts such as carbonates, phosphates, sulfates and source of carbohydrates to enrich its bacterial load and chemical composition. The content of essential nutrients that contribute to good soil-plant synergy, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms in the primary and final material were determined. Results The experiment showed a high COO load, between 24-35%, and similar values in organic N content in the primary materials. Heavy metals were found below the minimum allowed by the CTS 5167 of 2011 for the organic solid residue, and no pathogenic microorganisms were found. Composting and fermentation processes improved the physical-chemical properties of the materials,however, the Liquid mineral organic fertilizer did not comply with the established parameters, while the solid one was in compliance with the requirements. Conclusion After a period of 4 months, the study showed that solid UOSW from the municipality of Paipa can be used as a potential source for producing organic fertilizers by adding nutrients in mineral forms, complying with the nutrient requirements for plants and soil feeding organisms.

Rashe grape cultivar grows in Kurdistan province in rain fed conditions. Microclimate conditions have a great effect on grape berry quality. Information about changes in grape berry composition in the relation to climate changes is limited. In order to measure the effects of slope and altitude on some grape berry chemical composition, a study was conducted on grape cv. ‘Rasheh’ in University of Kurdistan during 2012 and 2013. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (northern and southern slope, low and high altitude) and three replications was used. In this study, amount of carotenoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, total soluble carbohydrates, tannin and total phenol in grape berry were analyzed. Results showed that southern slope at high altitude increased amount of anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, phenol and total soluble carbohydrates. Maximum values in the concentration of carotenoid and tannin in grape berry obtained in the northern slope and lower altitude. Berries from Northern slope and lower altitude were found to have a significantly lower anthocyanin and total soluble carbohydrates compared to other treatments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the planting in the southern slope and higher altitude will help to grape growers for improve the qualitative characteristics of the grape berries.

Marigold is an ornamental and medicinal plant and has also industrial in cosmetalogical uses. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed fertilizers on some morpho-physiological properties of the plant, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications was conducted in pot in Mianeh. In this experiment, the first factor was vermicompost fertilizer at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1) added to the pot soil and the second factor was for levels of Liquid seaweed fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 3 percent) sprayed on foliage. The assessed traits were leaf, root and stem dry weights, root volume, number of secondary shoots, plant height, leaf number, flowering period, number of flowers, flower diameter, dry weight of flowers, leaves electrolyte leakage, leaf area (LA) and essential oil percentage and yield. The results showed that application of vermicompost increased some traits, including plant height (18.58 cm), number of branches (4.3 branches), root volume (3.4 cm3) and leaf area index (65.55 cm2). Using 3 percent of Liquid seaweed fertilizer was also effective. In general, application of 5 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 3 percent of Liquid seaweed fertilizer resulted in highest flower and stem dry weights.

The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zargreen organic Liquid fertilizer on the growth and chemical composition of tomatoes under drought stress in greenhouse conditions in the Faculty of Agriculture of Shiraz University on May 2022. Treatments consisted of four levels of foliar application of Zargreen amino acid fertilizer (with concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 L/1000L), and three soil moisture levels (field capacity (without stress), 75 and 50% of field capacity, FC). During the growing season three times; 1.5 months (at the end of vegetative growth and beginning of flowering), 2.5 months (at the stage of fruit development), and 3 months (at the stage of fruit ripening) after planting, Zargreen organic Liquid fertilizer solutions were used with the mentioned concentrations for foliar spraying. The interaction effect of Zargreen organic fertilizer and moisture levels showed that the highest greenness index was observed with the highest level of soil moisture stress and the highest level of applied organic fertilizer. Application of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 L/1000L of Zargeen fertilizer increased the mean value of plant height by 8, 9, and 14%, respectively, compared to the control. The lowest shoot fresh weight was obtained without application of the organic fertilizer at the highest level of applied moisture stress. While at the same stress level, the highest shoot fresh weight was observed with the addition of 7.5 L/1000L of the organic fertilizer. The highest shoot zinc and copper concentrations were obtained in the plants grown at the highest moisture stress and the highest level of organic fertilizer application. It can be concluded that adding organic compounds improves the plant's tolerance to environmental stresses by modifying the physiological processes of the plant.

Introduction Organic fertilizer tea is a treated solution of organic fertilizers that contains a variety of organic compounds, nutrients and a wide range of microorganisms and their metabolites. In recent years production and use of organic tea as a Liquid biological fertilizer or biological pesticides is expanding towards sustainable agriculture. There are many benefits to using tea compost, including providing the nutrients for plant which can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. A variety of organic compounds can be used to make tea. In the preparation of aerobic organic tea, except for the type of organic matter, preparation conditions such as particle size, temperature, aeration time and fertilizer to water ratio can affect the chemical and biological properties of the produced tea (Shaban et al., 2015). In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aeration time and fertilizer to water ratio on some chemical properties of cow manure and vermicompost tea.Materials and methods An experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and three replications. The treatments included aeration time (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours), fertilizer to water ratio (1:10, 1:25 and 1:50) and type of organic fertilizer (vermicompost and cow manure). The part passed through a 2 mm sieve and the rest on a 0.5 mm sieve of air-dried cow manure and vermicompost were used to determination of some chemical properties of organic fertilizers and making tea. After preparing the ratios with distilled water, an air pump was used for aeration. Changes in acidity (pH), electrical conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, mineral forms of nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizers tea (cow manure and vermicompost) were evaluated.Results and discussion The characteristics of the studied organic fertilizers showed that the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vermicompost was higher than cow manure. According to the results of analysis of variance, among the main effects, the effect of organic matter type on soluble organic carbon, nitrate and the effect of ratio on nitrate were not significant. The interaction of organic matter type and time on electrical conductivity and the interaction effect of organic matter type and ratio on dissolved organic carbon was not significant. The effect of two-factor interactions on nitrate was not significant. Among the three-factor interactions, the effect of organic matter type, time and ratio on electrical conductivity, acidity (pH), organic carbon and nitrate was not significant. The results showed that aeration decreased the pH and increased the electrical conductivity in both cow manure and vermicompost tea. Despite the higher total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vermicompost, cow manure tea contained higher amounts of soluble ammonium, phosphorus and potassiumcompared to vermicompost tea. The chemical structure of organic matter and the distribution of element in different organic and inorganic fractions can be effective on the dissolution of the mineral part and the biological decomposition of organic part. Changes in the ratio and aeration time had no significant effect on the amount of ammonium and soluble phosphorus in vermicompost tea. In cow manure tea the highest percentage of increase in soluble phosphorus and potassium was obtained by increasing the aeration time up to 72 hours compared to the zero time (without aeration) in a ratio of 1:50. In general, organic carbon decreased as a result of aeration, and only at a ratio of 1:10, this reduction was not significant at 48 and 72 hours. The only factor affecting the amount of nitrate was the aeration time and compared to zero time the amount of nitrate decreased at 24 and 48 hours and increased at 72 hours.Conclusion The results showed that the effect of aeration time and fertilizer to water ratio on nutrient concentrations in teas made from cow manure and vermicompost was different. Despite the higher total concentration of nutrients in vermicompost, the vermicompost tea contained lower amounts of nutrients compared to cow manure tea. In other words, the total amount of nutrients in organic fertilizer cannot determine their amount in the produced tea.